Let’s say we are given a list of numbers. We want to generate a random sample from the list. In Python, we can do so easily using the sample() function from the random module. from random import seed from random import sample seed(1) data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,...

Let’s say we have a list of numbers. And we want to select a number from the list of numbers randomly. In Python, we can do so easily using the choice function from the random module. from random import seed from random import choice seed(1) data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,...

In our previous article, we discussed what covariance is and how to calculate the covariance matrix between random variables. We learned that if the covariance between two random variables, X and Y, is positive, then X and Y are positively related. In other words, if...

In this article, we will learn how to calculate the covariance matrix using Python. But before that, let’s try to understand what a covariance matrix is. What is covariance? Let’s say there are two random variables, X and Y. And we want to know the correlation between...

Let’s say we are given n numbers [x1, x2, x3, ... xn]. The variance of the given n numbers is given by the formula: $latex \sigma^{2}=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}(x_{i}-\bar{x})^{2}}{n}\ where\ \bar{x}=the\ mean\ of\ the\ given\ n\ numbers=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}}{n} $ And...