What is the Mann-Whitney U test? The Mann-Whitney U test is the non-parametric equivalent of the two-sample t-test. The Mann-Whitney U test is used to compare the medians of two independent groups. For example, let’s say we want to test whether the median calcium...

What is the Wilcoxon matched pair sign test? The Wilcoxon matched pair sign test is a non-parametric hypothesis test that is used to compare the medians of two dependent samples. For example, let’s say there are 10 rabbits. A certain treatment is provided to the...

What is the run test? We can use the run test to test whether a given data is from a random process. For example, let’s say we tossed a coin 15 times, and we got a sequence of heads and tails. Now, we want to know whether the sequence of heads and tails is random or...

We can use the f.ppf() function from the scipy.stats.f module to calculate the critical value for an F-test for a specific significance level in Python. from scipy.stats import f # alpha = 0.05 dfn = 2 dfd = 57 alpha = 0.05 critical_value = f.ppf(1 - alpha, dfn, dfd)...

We can calculate the p-value from the test statistic in an F-test using the scipy.stats.f module. Let’s say we are performing a one-way ANOVA test. The test statistic, in this case, follows the F-distribution. So, ANOVA is also an F-test. Let’s say there are three...