What is an authentication factor? On most of the websites, we provide a username and password to authenticate ourselves. This username and password identify who we are. And when we use an ATM, we authenticate ourselves by swiping an ATM card, and then we provide our...
We know that passwords are not encrypted. They are hashed using some cryptographically strong hash functions. (Why don’t we encrypt passwords in a database?) But, if we simply hash a password using a hash function, it will be cryptographically insecure. An attacker...
What are LDAP and LDAPS? LDAP or Lightweight Directory Access Protocol is a vendor-neutral application protocol that can be used to access and maintain distributed directory information services over the IP network. LDAP was initially created in 1993. The latest...
What is Active Directory? Active Directory is a directory service that stores information about network objects like users, groups, systems, applications, digital assets, etc. and the relationship between these stored objects. Administrators can use Active Directory...
What is Single Sign-On (SSO)? Single Sign-On (SSO) is an authentication scheme using which a user can log in to multiple applications with a single ID and password. For example, let’s say a user logs in to Gmail using his email address and password. Now, if the user...
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