What is VM Escape? VM Escape or Virtual Machine Escape is a vulnerability using which an attacker can run some code on a VM and make the guest operating system of the VM to break out and interact with the host operating system directly. Virtual Machines in a host...
What is Active Directory? Active Directory is a directory service that stores information about network objects like users, groups, systems, applications, digital assets, etc. and the relationship between these stored objects. Administrators can use Active Directory...
What is Single Sign-On (SSO)? Single Sign-On (SSO) is an authentication scheme using which a user can log in to multiple applications with a single ID and password. For example, let’s say a user logs in to Gmail using his email address and password. Now, if the user...
What is NTML? NTLM is a suite of Microsoft security protocols that provide authentication, confidentiality, and integrity to users. It is a successor of Microsoft LAN Manager or LANMAN. NTLM combines the LAN Manager authentication protocol, NTLMv1, NTLMv2, and NTLM2...
What is Shibboleth? Shibboleth is an open-source software product that uses SAML to provide a common method of authentication and authorization to providers who are members of a common federation. In other words, Shibboleth is a federated identity management system...
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