Many of us know that in TLS when we want to transfer some sensitive data, we do not encrypt it using public-key encryption. Instead, we use a symmetric key to encrypt the data. But why do we do so? If a TLS client encrypts the actual data, for example, by using the...
What is Domain Shadowing? When attackers use a server for spreading malware, the IP of the server often gets blacklisted. And that creates lots of inconveniences for the attackers. To circumvent that, attackers use techniques like domain shadowing. In domain...
What is NAT? Network Address Translation (NAT) is a method by which IP addresses in a private network are mapped to public IP addresses. For example, a large organization may have an internal network, and the hosts in the internal network may not need public IP...
What is a Site-to-Site VPN? Site-to-Site VPN is a type of VPN that can connect two entire networks to each other. Using this VPN, two branch offices of a company that are located in two different geographical regions can share the same virtual network. If any client...
What is the GRE protocol? Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) protocol is a tunneling protocol that can encapsulate a number of OSI layer 3 protocols. This protocol can be used for point-to-point links, where two endpoints communicate with each other, and for...
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