What is the Trusted Platform Module (TPM)? TPM or Trusted Platform Module is an international standard for securing hardware using integrated cryptographic keys. TPM uses a microcontroller to store passwords, certificates, or cryptographic keys securely. The stored...
What is the TLS Downgrade attack? Modern TLS clients and servers support older versions of TLS protocol and weaker cryptographic algorithms for backward compatibility. TLS downgrade attack is an attack in which an attacker tricks a TLS client and the server to use an...
What is HMAC? When data is transferred over an unreliable medium like the Internet, we need some way to check that the stated sender has indeed sent the message and the message is not modified after it is sent. We use the Message Authentication Code or MAC for that...
What is a Digital Signature? A digital signature is a mathematical scheme using which we can verify the authenticity of a digital message. If a sender sends a digital message to a recipient and the recipient wants to be sure that the digital message was indeed sent by...
What is a Digital Certificate? A digital certificate is an electronic document that proves the ownership of a public key. A digital certificate contains various information, such as the identity of the owner of the public key, information about the public key and the...
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