How does HMAC work?

by | Aug 20, 2020 | CCNP, CompTIA, Data Security, Encryption, Exclusive Articles, Featured

HMAC

What is HMAC?

When data is transferred over an unreliable medium like the Internet, we need some way to check that the stated sender has indeed sent the message and the message is not modified after it is sent. We use the Message Authentication Code or MAC for that purpose. A MAC is a short piece of digital information that is attached to a message to ensure the data integrity and authenticity of the sent message. On successful verification of the MAC, it ensures the recipient that the stated sender has sent the message and the message is unmodified after it is sent. HMAC or Hash-based Message Authentication Code is a type of Message Authentication Code (MAC). Using HMAC one can generate a MAC of a message using a cryptographic hash function and a secret key.

How does HMAC work? In this article, we would discuss that in detail.


In this article, we would discuss:

  • What is HMAC?

  • How does HMAC work?

This article is accessible to premium members only. To access this article, please purchase The Security Buddy Premium Membership Plan.

Pages: 1 2
Facebooktwitterredditpinterestlinkedinmail

Related posts:

Implementing the HMAC algorithm using PythonHow to implement the HMAC algorithm using Python? Using HMAC in PythonHow to use HMAC in Python? MD5 vs SHA1MD5 vs SHA-1 – Which one to select for HMAC? SFTP ProtocolHow does the SFTP protocol work? hashlib module in PythonHow to generate hashes using the hashlib module in Python? MAC FloodingWhat is MAC Flooding and how to prevent it? Exercise - 3 Constructing C Code From x86 AssemblyExercise 3: Constructing C Code From x86 Assembly AES Implementation in PythonAES Implementation in Python OpenVPNHow does OpenVPN work? MAC AddressWhat is a MAC Address? DHCP ProtocolWhat is DHCP Starvation attack and how does it work? IKEv2 ProtocolHow does the IKEv2 protocol work? RSA Encryption and Decryption Algorithm in PythonHow to implement the RSA encryption and decryption algorithm in Python? Constructing C Code From x86 Assembly For FunctionsHow to construct C code from x86 assembly for functions? AESHow does the AES algorithm work? How to generate a password hash in PythonHow to generate a password hash in Python?

Calculate the pseudoinverse of a matrix using Python

by | October 3, 2023 | Featured, Linear Algebra | 0 Comments

What is the pseudoinverse of a matrix? We know that if A is a square matrix with full rank, then A-1 is said to be the inverse of A if the following condition holds: $latex AA^{-1}=A^{-1}A=I $ The pseudoinverse or the Moore-Penrose inverse of a matrix is a...
Read More

Cholesky decomposition using Python

by | October 3, 2023 | Featured, Linear Algebra | 0 Comments

What is Cholesky decomposition? A square matrix A is said to have Cholesky decomposition if it can be written as a product of a lower triangular matrix and its conjugate transpose. $latex A=LL^{*} $ If all the entries of A are real numbers, then the conjugate...
Read More

Tensor Hadamard Product using Python

by | October 3, 2023 | Featured, Linear Algebra | 0 Comments

In one of our previous articles, we already discussed what the Hadamard product in linear algebra is. We discussed that if A and B are two matrices of size mxn, then the Hadamard product of A and B is another mxn matrix C such that: $latex H_{i,j}=A_{i,j} \times...
Read More

Perform tensor addition and subtraction using Python

by | October 3, 2023 | Featured, Linear Algebra | 0 Comments

We can use numpy nd-array to create a tensor in Python. We can use the following Python code to perform tensor addition and subtraction. import numpy A = numpy.random.randint(low=1, high=10, size=(3, 3, 3)) B = numpy.random.randint(low=1, high=10, size=(3, 3, 3)) C =...
Read More

How to create a tensor using Python?

by | October 3, 2023 | Featured, Linear Algebra | 0 Comments

What is a tensor? A tensor is a generalization of vectors and matrices. It is easily understood as a multidimensional array. For example, in machine learning, we can organize data in an m-way array and refer it as a data tensor. Data related to images, sounds, movies,...
Read More

How to combine NumPy arrays using horizontal stack?

by | October 3, 2023 | Featured, Linear Algebra | 0 Comments

We can use the hstack() function from the numpy module to combine two or more NumPy arrays horizontally. For example, we can use the following Python code to combine three NumPy arrays horizontally. import numpy A = numpy.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]) B =...
Read More

How to combine NumPy arrays using vertical stack?

by | October 3, 2023 | Featured, Linear Algebra | 0 Comments

Let’s say we have two or more NumPy arrays. We can combine these NumPy arrays vertically using the vstack() function from the numpy module. For example, we can use the following Python code to combine three NumPy arrays vertically. import numpy A = numpy.array([[1, 2,...
Read More

Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) using Python

by | October 3, 2023 | Featured, Linear Algebra | 0 Comments

What is Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)? Let A be an mxn rectangular matrix. Using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), we can decompose the matrix A in the following way: $latex A_{m \times n}=U_{m \times m}S_{m \times n}V_{n \times n}^T $ Here, U is an mxm matrix....
Read More

Eigen decomposition of a square matrix using Python

by | October 3, 2023 | Featured, Linear Algebra | 0 Comments

Let A be a square matrix. Let’s say A has k eigenvalues λ1, λ2, ... λk. And the corresponding eigenvectors are X1, X2, ... Xk. $latex X_1=\begin{bmatrix} x_{11} \\ x_{21} \\ x_{31} \\ ... \\ x_{k1} \end{bmatrix} \\ X_2=\begin{bmatrix} x_{12} \\ x_{22} \\ x_{32} \\ ......
Read More

How to calculate eigenvalues and eigenvectors using Python?

by | October 3, 2023 | Featured, Linear Algebra | 0 Comments

In our previous article, we discussed what eigen values and eigenvectors of a square matrix are and how we can calculate the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a square matrix mathematically. We discussed that if A is a square matrix, then $latex (A- \lambda I) \vec{u}=0...
Read More

Amrita Mitra

Author

Ms. Amrita Mitra is an author, who has authored the books “Cryptography And Public Key Infrastructure“, “Web Application Vulnerabilities And Prevention“, “A Guide To Cyber Security” and “Phishing: Detection, Analysis And Prevention“. She is also the founder of Asigosec Technologies, the company that owns The Security Buddy.

0 Comments

Submit a Comment

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.

Not a premium member yet?

Please follow the link below to buy The Security Buddy Premium Membership.

Buy Premium Membership

Featured Posts

Translate »