Bluetooth Protocol Stack

by | Nov 19, 2021 | Bluetooth Security, Exclusive Articles, Featured, Wireless Network And Security

Bluetooth Protocol Stack

Bluetooth is a wireless technology using which two devices can exchange data over a short distance. It is a packet-based protocol. A Bluetooth device first divides the data into packets and then the packets are transmitted over a Bluetooth channel.

Bluetooth also follows master-slave architecture. When two devices communicate with each other, one device acts as a master and the other one as a slave. A master device can connect up to seven slave devices. When a Bluetooth device initiates a Bluetooth connection, the initiator acts as a master. But, later the device can switch roles upon agreement and act as a slave.

As discussed, a master device can connect up to seven devices. But, it can address one slave device at a time. Usually, a master device selects which slave device to address at a particular time and after it addresses that device, it switches rapidly to another device in a round-robin way.

In this article, we will discuss:

  • Bluetooth Protocol Stack

This article is accessible to premium members only. To access this article, please purchase The Security Buddy Premium Membership Plan.

Pages: 1 2 3
Facebooktwitterredditpinterestlinkedinmail

Related posts:

BlueSmackWhat is the BlueSmack attack? Piconet and Scatternet in BluetoothWhat are piconets and scatternets in Bluetooth? Initialization Key Generation in BluetoothHow are initialization keys, combination keys and encryption keys generated in Bluetooth? Bluetooth SecurityHow to secure Bluetooth devices? Bluetooth AuthenticationHow does Bluetooth authentication work? BluePrintingWhat is BluePrinting in Bluetooth security? The OSI ModelThe OSI Model Explained MAC Spoof BluetoothMAC Address Spoofing of Bluetooth Devices BlueDumpWhat is the BlueDump attack? Car WhispererWhat is the car whisperer? BlueBumpWhat is the BlueBump attack? BluejackingWhat is BlueJacking? BlueSnipingWhat is BlueSniping? BluesnarfingWhat is BlueSnarfing? Deep Packet InspectionWhat is Deep Packet Inspection (DPI)? UPnPWhat is UPnP and what are the security risks of UPnP?

Calculate the pseudoinverse of a matrix using Python

by | October 3, 2023 | Featured, Linear Algebra | 0 Comments

What is the pseudoinverse of a matrix? We know that if A is a square matrix with full rank, then A-1 is said to be the inverse of A if the following condition holds: $latex AA^{-1}=A^{-1}A=I $ The pseudoinverse or the Moore-Penrose inverse of a matrix is a...
Read More

Cholesky decomposition using Python

by | October 3, 2023 | Featured, Linear Algebra | 0 Comments

What is Cholesky decomposition? A square matrix A is said to have Cholesky decomposition if it can be written as a product of a lower triangular matrix and its conjugate transpose. $latex A=LL^{*} $ If all the entries of A are real numbers, then the conjugate...
Read More

Tensor Hadamard Product using Python

by | October 3, 2023 | Featured, Linear Algebra | 0 Comments

In one of our previous articles, we already discussed what the Hadamard product in linear algebra is. We discussed that if A and B are two matrices of size mxn, then the Hadamard product of A and B is another mxn matrix C such that: $latex H_{i,j}=A_{i,j} \times...
Read More

Perform tensor addition and subtraction using Python

by | October 3, 2023 | Featured, Linear Algebra | 0 Comments

We can use numpy nd-array to create a tensor in Python. We can use the following Python code to perform tensor addition and subtraction. import numpy A = numpy.random.randint(low=1, high=10, size=(3, 3, 3)) B = numpy.random.randint(low=1, high=10, size=(3, 3, 3)) C =...
Read More

How to create a tensor using Python?

by | October 3, 2023 | Featured, Linear Algebra | 0 Comments

What is a tensor? A tensor is a generalization of vectors and matrices. It is easily understood as a multidimensional array. For example, in machine learning, we can organize data in an m-way array and refer it as a data tensor. Data related to images, sounds, movies,...
Read More

How to combine NumPy arrays using horizontal stack?

by | October 3, 2023 | Featured, Linear Algebra | 0 Comments

We can use the hstack() function from the numpy module to combine two or more NumPy arrays horizontally. For example, we can use the following Python code to combine three NumPy arrays horizontally. import numpy A = numpy.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]) B =...
Read More

How to combine NumPy arrays using vertical stack?

by | October 3, 2023 | Featured, Linear Algebra | 0 Comments

Let’s say we have two or more NumPy arrays. We can combine these NumPy arrays vertically using the vstack() function from the numpy module. For example, we can use the following Python code to combine three NumPy arrays vertically. import numpy A = numpy.array([[1, 2,...
Read More

Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) using Python

by | October 3, 2023 | Featured, Linear Algebra | 0 Comments

What is Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)? Let A be an mxn rectangular matrix. Using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), we can decompose the matrix A in the following way: $latex A_{m \times n}=U_{m \times m}S_{m \times n}V_{n \times n}^T $ Here, U is an mxm matrix....
Read More

Eigen decomposition of a square matrix using Python

by | October 3, 2023 | Featured, Linear Algebra | 0 Comments

Let A be a square matrix. Let’s say A has k eigenvalues λ1, λ2, ... λk. And the corresponding eigenvectors are X1, X2, ... Xk. $latex X_1=\begin{bmatrix} x_{11} \\ x_{21} \\ x_{31} \\ ... \\ x_{k1} \end{bmatrix} \\ X_2=\begin{bmatrix} x_{12} \\ x_{22} \\ x_{32} \\ ......
Read More

How to calculate eigenvalues and eigenvectors using Python?

by | October 3, 2023 | Featured, Linear Algebra | 0 Comments

In our previous article, we discussed what eigen values and eigenvectors of a square matrix are and how we can calculate the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a square matrix mathematically. We discussed that if A is a square matrix, then $latex (A- \lambda I) \vec{u}=0...
Read More

Amrita Mitra

Author

Ms. Amrita Mitra is an author, who has authored the books “Cryptography And Public Key Infrastructure“, “Web Application Vulnerabilities And Prevention“, “A Guide To Cyber Security” and “Phishing: Detection, Analysis And Prevention“. She is also the founder of Asigosec Technologies, the company that owns The Security Buddy.

0 Comments

Submit a Comment

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.

Not a premium member yet?

Please follow the link below to buy The Security Buddy Premium Membership.

Buy Premium Membership

Featured Posts

Translate »